An alumnus of the École normale supérieure in Paris, where she graduated with a degree in mathematics applied to finance, then trained at the École des mines in Business and Public Administration, Catherine Lagneau joined the Lorraine Regional Directorate for Industry, Research and the Environment (DRIRE) under the aegis of the Prefecture in 2007.
In 2010, she added to her experience of the Lorraine economic world by joining the Direction régionale des entreprises, de la concurrence, de la consommation, du travail et de l'emploi (DIRECCTE), which she left in 2012 to become deputy director of the École des mines d'Alès.
Since 2017, Catherine Lagneau has been Deputy Director of the École des mines de Paris. She has also joined the Conseil général de l'économie at the French Ministry of Economy and Finance. In this role, she is responsible for the management of the Corps des Mines and career management, while also acting as ETI ambassador for the Minister of Industry.
Catherine Lagneau also took part in drafting the report on the High Civil Service submitted in 2020. She has also been a director of Bpifrance since 2020.
On July 13, at the proposal of the Board of Directors, she was appointed President of BRGM by ministerial decree, replacing Michèle Rousseau, who retired on April 1, and following the interim appointment of Deputy Managing Director Christophe Poinssot.